1.1. Kallari Malli Yachaykuna: Kawsaypurata Awachikuy.
Pichincha marka, Cayambe Kitipimi Ishkay Shimipi Kawsaypura Yachanaka wacharishka kan. Chusku chunka wata washapi, Dolores Cacuango mamaka millay amukunamanta kishpirina muskuyta, munaytapashmi charirka. Punasuyu, Antisuyu kawsaykunaman paypak wiñaykawsay yuyaykunamanta sumak malli yachaykuna wacharishpak kashka.
Ecuador Mamallaktapa wayra rimay Yachana Wasikunata Punasuyupi taripanchik, Leonidas Proaño Iñikamak pushashka kashkata. Misión Andina runa tantanakuykunata shinchishpak yanapashka kashka, chaymanta runakunaka yachakuykunaman yaykuyta ashtawan ushashkakuna kashka.
Shinallatak, Bolívar marka, Simiatug kitipi runa yachana wasikunata churashka kashka. Cotopaxi markapipash runa yachana wasi Llika rikurishkakuna. Chimborazo markapipash “Chimborazoca Caipimi” yachana ruraykatichiy shuti tiyashka.
Antisuyupipash Shuar-Achuar runakunapak ishkay shimipi yachana wayra rimay hawa chayachishpak yanapashka. Chaymanllatak shuk ishkay shimipi yachachina yachana wasikuna tiyashka Unión de Nativos de la Amazonía Ecuatoriana (FCUNAE) shutiwan, chaymanllatak, Proyecto Alternativo de Educación Bilingüe de la Confederación de Organizaciones Indígenas de la Amazonía Ecuatoriana nishkapash tiyashka.
Karu shuk Mamallaktamanta yanapaykuna tiyashka, kay Proyecto EBI – GTZ 1986 watapi rikurin, Alemania Mamallakta Apukmi yanapashka, runa shimikunata shinchichinkapak nishpak, ashtawanka Punasuyu Kichwa shimita.
Hatun Yachana Ukupi sumak malli yachaykuna tiyashka, kay Proyecto del Centro de Investigaciones para la Educación Indígena de la Universidad Católica. Chaypika imashina kichwa shimita yachahina ñankunata wiñachishka, shinallatak shuk runa shimikunata yachachinkapakpash, chaymantallatakmi 1980 watapi Campaña de Alfabetización Kichwa wacharishka kashka, chay watakunallapitak Yachanapa tantarishka Yachana Wasi (MACAC) wiñarishka kashka.
Chay tukuy malli yachaykuna hawa, 1988 Ecuador Mamallaktapa Ishkay Shimipi Runa wallkawsaypura Yachana (DINEIB) wiñarirka. Chaymantapacha kayman malli yachaykuna yachana wasikunapi tiyashpak katirka, shinallami wallkawsaypura yachanaka Ecuador Mamallakta ukupi kawsak runakunata ashtawan munaylla kimiklla kawsayman pushashpak rikuchihun.
Yachana wasikunaman chayachishka ñanmi, Ministerio de Educación nishka hatun wasiwan ishkay shimipi wallkawsaypura yachanapak yanapayta tarinkapak runa tantanakuykuna makipuray pankakunata shuti aspirkakuna, DINEIB uku tiyarishkamantapacha, Cuenca Hatun Yachana Wasiwan Ishkay Shimipi yachachikkunata mirachinkapak makipuranata rimarirkakuna. Nishpaka tawka ishkay shimi rimak yachachikkunata mirachishkakuna kashka, rimay yachaksapakunapi, taripaykunapi, Antisuyu runa kawsaypi; chaykarimpash postgrado patay nishkapi, ishkay shimi wallkawsaypura yachanapi yachak ruraykunata paktachishka, hatun yachanamantapash (educación superior). SASIKU Katiy ruraytami charishka, Ishkay Shimipi wallKawsaypura yachana hawa Licenciatura katiy ruraytapash charishka España Mamallaktamanta yanapaywan, shinapash Cuenca Hatun Yachana Wasi yachachina hawa rikuriyashpak kanawan ari niska.
Antisuyupi, Punasuyupipash ishkay allipacha malli yachaykunami rikurirka. 2003 watapi Proyecto de Mejoramiento de la Calidad de Educación Básica Intercultural Bilingüe de la Nacionalidad Kichwa Andina, CARE Internacional yanapaykunawan tiyarirka, shinapash MOSEIBta Antisuyupi (AMEIBA) paktachishun nishkapash tiyarirka, 2005 watapi UNICEF tantanakuy yanapaywan.
1.1.1. Mamallaktapi Ishkay Shimipi Wallkawsaypura Yachanapa yachaykancha millkakuna allimi kashka nishkamanta.
Iskay Shimipi Wallkawsaypura Yachanapa katichina ñanta shukllachihuymantaka kay Mamamallakta Yachana Llikaman sumakta yanapashkakuna may mutsurishkami kashka.
31 puncha karwa killa 1993 watapi Ishkay Shimi Wallkawsaypura Yachana Llika kamarishka kan (DINEIB, 1993), kay kamu puchukay pankakunapi, kallari yachanapak yachaykancha millkakunata rikuchin, karumanta-kimikmamta munashpak, yachay ñan hillakunata, yachaypak llika yachay ñanta, pilluypi yachakuymanta taripaytapash. Kay kamuka iskun chunka watakunapi yachanata mushuyachiypika maymutsuymi karka.
1997 watapi kati chawpi yachanapak yachaykancha millkata wiñachirishka, kati chawpi ishkay shimipi wallkawsaypura yachana wasikunapak yanapaywan, chayka Mamallakta yachana llikaman yanapashka sakirin, shinapash kati chawpi ishkay shimipi wallkawsaypura yachana yachakukkuna katichunka allimari nishami kan.
1999 watapi, Ishkay Shimipi Wallkawsaypura yachanapak yachachikkunata mirachina Yachachik Wasikunata chikanyachishpak karka, ashtawanka yachanata kallarichikmanta. Kay ruraykunaka yachachikkunata ashtawan mirachinkapak yachana wasikunata chikan wiñachishka kashkarka, kutin chay hipamanka hatun yachana wasikunaman tikrachinkapak yuyaywan ñanyachiymi kashka, chay hatun yachana wasikunaka castilla shimipi nishpaka Institutos Superiores Pedagógicos Interculturales Bilingües shutiwan sakirishkakuna.
XXI patsakyachishka watapa kallari chunkan watakunapi, Antisuyupak Punasuyupakpash Apukkuna Iskay shimipi wallkawsaypura yachanakancha millka ruraykunapi pakta yanapashkakunami kan, Antisuyukunaka AMEIBA shutichishpak atirirka, yachaykanchata shukllayachishka millkawan, tantachiyachaypi waykarinkapak rikushpak (UNICEF, 2007:7).
Kutin Punasuyupika kichwapi, castilla shimipipash yachanakancha millkata wiñachishka kan, kikinllatak yachakuy ñanta katishpak rina kamukunata rurashpak karkakuna, kay kamukunaka “Kukayu” shutikunawanmi llukshirka.
Kunan punchakunapika, Wallkawaypura tukuykunapakllatami nishka rikuywanmi Ishkay Shimipi wallkawsaypura yachanakancha millkataka rurashka kan, Mamallaktapa yachanata pushak apuk nishkata katishpak, yachakkuna nishkapi, yachay ñanyachikkunata uyashpak, tantachiyachaykunata rikushpak, yachakuypak muyuntinta rikushpak, runa yachaykunata katishpak, ushaykunawanpash; chaykunataka ruray ushaykunaman tinkishpak, taripana yuyaykunawan chimpapurashpak, sumak kanamanta rikushpakpash.
Yachanakancha millka hillaykuna MOSEIB nishkataka alli katichiyta ushanka, achiklla ñanyachishkata katishpak, chaypakpacha rurashka yachana nipakunawanpash, chaykarinpash, yachachikkunaka alli tukuy shunku, alli yachaykunawan, alli yuyaykunawanpacha shayarishpallami ushanka, chaymantami, kayayta rurapanchik, iskay shimipi wallkawsaypura yachanakancha millkakunata allipacha rikushpak, yachakushpak, hamuktashpak yanapashunchik imashpaka, inskay shimipi wallkawsaypura yachanata alli shinchiyachinkapak.
2. YUYASHKALLA IMAKAYKANCHA RIKUCHIY
Iskay Shimipi Wallkawsaypura Yachana Llikapa yachanakancha millka ruranapi yuyashkalla rikuchiyka shukllayachishka amawta yachanakunapi sapiyan, yachakuypak yuyashkallakunapipash, uma yuyay ñankunapi, watacharikkumanta riksishpapash, yachakuy ushaykunata rikushpash, wallkawsaypura amawta yachaykunapipash rikuna, imakaykanchakunatapash katishpak, may shimi rimanamanta yachashpapash, chaymantami ñukanchik runa rimaykunata hatarichina, shinashpak rimayta atirina kanchik.
2.1. Amawta Yachaykuna Shukllayashka
Runakunapa yachaykunaka shukllayachishkami kan. Ñukanchikpika, mana yachaykunaka rakirishkachu kan, ashtawanka shukllayachishkapachami kan. Shinallatak yachaykunaka mana chakchu chakchukunachu kan, nishpaka yachaykunaka paypura awarishkakunami kan, kawsaypi rikushpak, hawapachapi rikushpak, muyuntin kawsaypi, raymikunapipash rikushpak katina kan.
2.2. Yachahushkata Hatunyachiy:
Yachana katina ñankunapak shutichishkakuna (EIFC, IPS, FCAP, DDTE, PAIpash, Mamallata Yachanakancha Milkapak katilla pataykunawan tinkirishkakunaka, mana yankata rakirishkachu kan, ashtawankarin yachahushkata hatunyachita, yachakukkunapa yuyakriy mutsurishkapi rikushpa yanapaymi kan.
2.3. Yachashkakunata Pilluy:
Yachakukkunaka maymantami yachashkakunata pilluy ushana, yachay ushaywanmi hatunyarinka, imashpaka kawsaypi rikuchiy ushashpallami alli kanka.
2.4. WallKawsaypura Amawta Yachay:
Kay rikuypika, Wallkawsaypurami kan yachaykuna, yachashkakuna paypura chimpapurarishkami kan. Chaymantami yachanaka kuska yachashkakuna, muyuntin yachashkakunapash, wallkawsaykunamanta, pachamamamantapashkuna kan. Kikin Kuska yachaykunamanta, yachashkakunamantapash kallarina kan. Chay hatun yachashkakunata pilluy ushakapakka, shinapash amalla kikin kuska yachaykunata, yachashkakunata chinkachishpa, washanchishpash kana.
2.5. Runa Shimikunata Waki Yachakuy:
May shimi rimay yachanamanta rikuchiyka, maykanlla runa llaktamanta wacharishkata rikushpakmi katichina kanchik. Kutin ista rimaytaka paypurakunawan rimarishpak kankapak yachana kan. Shimi rimayka wakita wiñachinkapak yanapan, ayllu ukumanta pacha yachakushpa llukshirin chayka ayllullakta yachana wasipi ashtawan alli paktachina kan, chaykarinpash killkakatishpak, killkashpapash, shukta shukta yachakushpak yachachishpapash yachana wasi ukupi, kanllapi kashpapash.